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Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013) Jan 2024A 37-year-old male with a past medical history of previous mitral valve replacement due to bacterial endocarditis and intravenous (IV) drug use was found to have...
A 37-year-old male with a past medical history of previous mitral valve replacement due to bacterial endocarditis and intravenous (IV) drug use was found to have Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia. Transesophageal echocardiogram revealed large mitral and tricuspid valve vegetations. Medical management was initially attempted but his bacteremia persisted, and he required urgent prosthetic mitral valve replacement and native tricuspid valve replacement. Prosthetic valve endocarditis has been associated with surgery in 48.9% of patients and a mortality of 22.8%. In patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis due to B. cepacia, valve replacement occurred in approximately 61.5% of patients and mortality is estimated to be 33.3%. To our knowledge, this is one of only a few prosthetic valve endocarditis cases caused solely by B. cepacia and our case is the first to affect multiple valves including prosthetic and native valves.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Burkholderia cepacia; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Endocarditis; Bacteremia
PubMed: 38166072
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbes and Infection Apr 2001The Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia cepacia has recently emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in humans. This review focuses on the cellular aspects of B.... (Review)
Review
The Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia cepacia has recently emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in humans. This review focuses on the cellular aspects of B. cepacia infection and the dynamics of the B. cepacia-host cell interaction, including recent advances in our understanding of the ability of B. cepacia to adhere to, enter, and survive intracellularly within human cells.
Topics: Burkholderia Infections; Burkholderia cepacia; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Macrophages; Microscopy, Electron; Opportunistic Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Virulence
PubMed: 11369280
DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01389-2 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 2000The Burkholderia cepacia complex currently comprises five genomic species, i.e., B. cepacia genomovar I, B. multivorans (formerly known as B. cepacia genomovar II), B....
The Burkholderia cepacia complex currently comprises five genomic species, i.e., B. cepacia genomovar I, B. multivorans (formerly known as B. cepacia genomovar II), B. cepacia genomovar III, B. cepacia genomovar IV, and B. vietnamiensis (also known as B. cepacia genomovar V). In the absence of straightforward diagnostic tests for the identification of B. cepacia genomovars I, III, and IV, the last two genomic species were not formally classified as novel Burkholderia species (genomovar I contains the type strain and therefore retains the name B. cepacia). In the present study, we describe differential biochemical tests and a recA gene-based PCR assay for the routine identification of strains currently known as B. cepacia genomovar IV and propose formal classification of this organism as Burkholderia stabilis sp. nov. B. stabilis can indeed be differentiated from all other B. cepacia complex strains by the absence of beta-galactosidase activity, from strains of B. cepacia genomovars I and III and B. vietnamiensis by the inability to oxidize sucrose, and from B. multivorans by the lack of growth at 42 degrees C. In addition, analysis with the recA gene-derived primers BCRG41 (5'-ACCGGCGAGCAGGCGCTT-3') and BCRG42 (5'-ACGCCATCGGGCATGGCA-3') specifically allows the detection of B. stabilis strains in a conventional PCR assay. Examination of a set of 21 B. stabilis strains by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing suggested that the genome of this organism is highly conserved, which is in sharp contrast to the generally accepted genomic diversity, variability, and plasticity among B. cepacia strains.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Burkholderia cepacia; Cystic Fibrosis; DNA Fingerprinting; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rec A Recombinases; Sucrose; beta-Galactosidase
PubMed: 10698993
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.3.1042-1047.2000 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 2000Several species belonging to the genus Burkholderia are clinically relevant, opportunistic pathogens that inhabit major environmental reservoirs. Consequently, the...
Several species belonging to the genus Burkholderia are clinically relevant, opportunistic pathogens that inhabit major environmental reservoirs. Consequently, the availability of means for adequate identification and epidemiological characterization of individual environmental or clinical isolates is mandatory. In the present communication we describe the use of the Riboprinter microbial characterization system (Qualicon, Warwick, United Kingdom) for automated ribotyping of 104 strains of Burkholderia species from diverse sources, including several publicly accessible collections. The main outcome of this analysis was that all strains were typeable and that strains of Burkholderia gladioli and of each species of the B. cepacia complex, including B. multivorans, B. stabilis, and B. vietnamiensis, were effectively discriminated. Furthermore, different ribotypes were discerned within each species. Ribotyping results were in general agreement with strain classification based on restriction fragment analysis of 16S ribosomal amplicons, but the resolution of ribotyping was much higher. This enabled automated molecular typing below the species level. Cluster analysis of the patterns obtained by ribotyping (riboprints) showed that within B. gladioli, B. multivorans, and B. cepacia genomovar VI, the different riboprints identified always clustered together. Riboprints of B. cepacia genomovars I and III, B. stabilis, and B. vietnamiensis did not show distinct clustering but rather exhibited the formation of loose assemblages within which several smaller, genomovar-specific clusters were delineated. Therefore, ribotyping proved useful for genomovar identification. Analysis of serial isolates from individual patients demonstrated that infection with a single ribotype had occurred, despite minor genetic differences that were detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of DNA macrorestriction fragments. The automated approach allows very rapid and reliable identification and epidemiological characterization of strains and generates an easily manageable database suited for expansion with information on additional bacterial isolates.
Topics: Automation; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Burkholderia; Burkholderia Infections; Burkholderia cepacia; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Geography; Humans; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Reproducibility of Results; Restriction Mapping
PubMed: 10790116
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.5.1876-1884.2000 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jun 2024Nicotine, a naturally occurring alkaloid found in tobacco, is a potent neurotoxin extensively used to control Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a destructive insect pest of...
Nicotine, a naturally occurring alkaloid found in tobacco, is a potent neurotoxin extensively used to control Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a destructive insect pest of rice crops. The insect gut harbors a wide array of resident microorganisms that profoundly influence several biological processes, including host immunity. Maintaining an optimal gut microbiota and immune homeostasis requires a complex network of reciprocal regulatory interactions. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving these symbiotic exchanges, particularly between specific gut microbe and immunity, remain largely unknown in insects. Our previous investigations identified and isolated a nicotine-degrading Burkholderia cepacia strain (BsNLG8) with antifungal properties. Building on those findings, we found that nicotine intake significantly increased the abundance of a symbiotic bacteria BsNLG8, induced a stronger bacteriostatic effect in hemolymph, and enhanced the nicotine tolerance of N. lugens. Additionally, nicotine-induced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibited significant antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus. We adopted RNA-seq to explore the underlying immunological mechanisms in nicotine-stressed N. lugens. Bioinformatic analyses identified numerous differentially expressed immune genes, including recognition/immune activation (GRPs and Toll) and AMPs (i.e., Defensin, Lugensin, lysozyme). Temporal expression profiling (12, 24, and 48 hours) of immune genes revealed pattern recognition proteins and immune effectors as primary responders to nicotine-induced stress. Defensin A, a broad-spectrum immunomodulatory cationic peptide, exhibited significantly high expression. RNA interference-mediated silencing of Defensin A reduced the survival, enhanced nicotine sensitivity of N. lugens to nicotine, and decreased the abundance of BsNLG8. The reintroduction of BsNLG8 improved the expression of immune genes, aiding nicotine resistance of N. lugens. Our findings indicate a potential reciprocal immunomodulatory interaction between Defensin A and BsNLG8 under nicotine stress. Moreover, this study offers novel and valuable insights for future research into enhancing nicotine-based pest management programs and developing alternative biocontrol methods involving the implication of insect symbionts.
Topics: Animals; Nicotine; Hemiptera; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Burkholderia cepacia; Defensins; Stress, Physiological; Symbiosis
PubMed: 38663196
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116371 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology 2003To investigate the relationship between genomovar status and carbon source utilization, antibiotic susceptibility and growth ability on selective media of 142 clinical...
AIMS
To investigate the relationship between genomovar status and carbon source utilization, antibiotic susceptibility and growth ability on selective media of 142 clinical and environmental Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) isolates belonging to all nine genomovars.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Carbon source utilization and growth on selective media were tested by agar plate multipoint inoculation. Antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined by agar dilution. Of all carbon sources, l-arabinose was most frequently utilized, supporting growth of 90% of all isolates. Burkholderia cepacia genomovar VI failed to utilize azelaic acid, penicillin G, phtalate, salicin and tryptamine. Overall, B. vietnamiensis and B. anthina were most susceptible and B. cepacia genomovar VI most resistant to antimicrobial agents. Burkholderia cepacia selective agar (BCSA) and the Mast B. cepacia medium supported growth of Bcc isolates most efficiently.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates phenotypic heterogeneity within the Bcc. Some trends can be observed at the genomovar level, but only B. cepacia genomovar VI could be differentiated unambiguously on the basis of its inability to grow on PCAT.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This work provides an update on some differential phenotypic characteristics of all nine Bcc genomovars.
Topics: Burkholderia cepacia; Carbon; Culture Media; Genotype; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype
PubMed: 14632991
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02054.x -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 2004In this study, the epidemiology of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) recovered from the sputum of 75 patients attending the Genoa Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Center at the...
Epidemiology and clinical course of Burkholderia cepacia complex infections, particularly those caused by different Burkholderia cenocepacia strains, among patients attending an Italian Cystic Fibrosis Center.
In this study, the epidemiology of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) recovered from the sputum of 75 patients attending the Genoa Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Center at the Gaslini Children's Hospital (Genoa, Italy) was investigated, and the clinical course of the CF patients infected with the different species and genomovars of Bcc was evaluated. All isolates were analyzed for genomovar status by recA gene polymorphism and subsequently random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting. Burkholderia cenocepacia is the predominant species recovered from the CF patients infected with Bcc at the Genoa CF Center. Of the other eight species comprising the Bcc, only a few isolates belonging to B. cepacia genomovar I, Burkholderia stabilis, and Burkholderia pyrrocinia were found. Of the four recA lineages of B. cenocepacia, most patients were infected by epidemic strains belonging to lineages IIIA and IIID, whereas only a few patients harbored IIIB strains. Patient-to-patient spread of Bcc among CF patients was mostly associated with B. cenocepacia, in particular with strains belonging to recA lineages IIIA and IIID. The mortality of CF patients infected with Bcc at the Genoa CF Center was significantly higher than mortality among CF patients not infected with Bcc. All of the deaths were associated with the presence of B. cenocepacia, except the case of a patient infected with B. cepacia genomovar I. Within B. cenocepacia, infection with epidemic strains belonging to lineages IIIA and IIID was associated with higher rates of mortality than was infection with lineage IIIB strains. No significant differences in lung function, body weight, and mortality rate were observed between patients infected with epidemic strains belonging to either B. cenocepacia IIIA or B. cenocepacia IIID.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Burkholderia Infections; Burkholderia cepacia; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Italy; Molecular Epidemiology; Prevalence; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Rec A Recombinases; Sputum
PubMed: 15070994
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1491-1497.2004 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 2016We propose an optimized protocol for an extensive population analysis of Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia contaminans. Seven new polymorphisms were added to the...
We propose an optimized protocol for an extensive population analysis of Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia contaminans. Seven new polymorphisms were added to the recently proposed SNaPBcen assay, and a total of 18 markers ensured the clear identification and distinction of B. cepacia and B. contaminans isolates and high genotypic discrimination (Simpson index of 0.94) compared to those for multilocus sequence typing.
Topics: Burkholderia Infections; Burkholderia cepacia; Burkholderia cepacia complex; Cystic Fibrosis; Genotype; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 26659211
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02476-15 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 2001PCR amplification of the recA gene followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was investigated for the rapid detection and identification of...
PCR amplification of the recA gene followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was investigated for the rapid detection and identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex genomovars directly from sputum. Successful amplification of the B. cepacia complex recA gene from cystic fibrosis (CF) patient sputum samples containing B. cepacia genomovar I, Burkholderia multivorans, B. cepacia genomovar III, Burkholderia stabilis, and Burkholderia vietnamiensis was demonstrated. In addition, the genomovar identifications determined directly from sputum were the same as those obtained after selective culturing. Sensitivity experiments revealed that recA-based PCR could reliably detect B. cepacia complex organisms to concentrations of 10(6) CFU g of sputum(-1). To fully assess the diagnostic value of the method, sputum samples from 100 CF patients were screened for B. cepacia complex infection by selective culturing and recA-based PCR. Selective culturing identified 19 samples with presumptive B. cepacia complex infection, which was corroborated by phenotypic analyses. Of the culture-positive sputum samples, 17 were also detected directly by recA-based PCR, while 2 samples were negative. The isolates cultured from both recA-negative sputum samples were subsequently identified as Burkholderia gladioli. RFLP analysis of the recA amplicons revealed 2 patients (12%) infected with B. multivorans, 11 patients (65%) infected with B. cepacia genomovar III-A, and 4 patients (23%) infected with B. cepacia genomovar III-B. These results demonstrate the potential of recA-based PCR-RFLP analysis for the rapid detection and identification of B. cepacia complex genomovars directly from sputum. Where the sensitivity of the assay proves a limitation, sputum samples can be analyzed by selective culturing followed by recA-based analysis of the isolate.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Burkholderia Infections; Burkholderia cepacia; Cystic Fibrosis; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Rec A Recombinases; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sputum
PubMed: 11724828
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.12.4247-4255.2001 -
Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and... Aug 2022Burkholderia cepacia is almost always a colonizing organism rather than an infecting organism, but it may be pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals when isolated...
Burkholderia cepacia is almost always a colonizing organism rather than an infecting organism, but it may be pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals when isolated from body fluids that are ordinarily sterile. When recovered from blood culture it may present infection, pseuedo infection, or actual infection from contaminated intravenous fluids. We present a case of a renal transplant recipient patient who developed B. cepacia bacteremia following central venous cannulation. The subsequent clinical course was of worsening quadriparesis, which on neuroimaging revealed multiple brain and spinal abscesses. Following two weeks of intravenous antibiotics, his clinical features further worsened and the size of lesions further increased, which was suggestive of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. With an increased steroid dose and continuation of the same anti-biotics, there was a regression of the lesions and significant clinical improvement.
Topics: Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Burkholderia cepacia; Abscess; Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome; Bacteremia
PubMed: 37675752
DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.384194